Waste of paper

The paper is too valuable to be wasted!

To produce 1 tonne of paper, 2 to 3 tons of wood are needed, one lots of water and lots of energy. World paper consumption has grown more than six fold since the mid-century XX, according to data from the World watch Institute, which can reach more than 300 kg per year in some countries.

Waste of paper

Types of paper

Paper types depending on usage

Printing and writing paper

As the name implies, they are in daily use in schools and offices. They are the papers used for printing books, magazines and printed matter in general and, also, for the manufacture of notebooks, blocks etc.

Types of paper

News print
These are the papers on which newspapers are circulated every day the country.

Sanitary paper
They are used in the bathrooms and kitchens of our homes: toilet paper, napkins, absorbent towels, disposable papers.

Wrapping paper
It is the paper used in the packaging of packages, in general, in the commerce, etc.

 Corrugated paper or cardboard

They are used in the manufacture of boxes with which general, fruits, wines etc. Other roles Special papers are carbon paper, parchment paper, paper money, etc.

Kraft

Made from long fiber pulp. Generally, they are verges and calandrados, to achieve regularity and brightness on one side.

Offset

Very or very bleached or bleached, manufactured with a high percentage of chemical pulp. They are papers with a surface treatment. Papers with special treatments They can be waxed, coated with polyethylene, aluminium etc.

Coated

They are papers coated with mineral particles. They are:
• Light Coated: Coated with a single layer. They can be brilliant or frosts.

• Industrial Coated: Papers in which one or more layers of coating. They can be shiny, semi-deep or frosted. These last two are coated on both sides, while the former can be coated on one or both sides.

• Coated Arte: Papers to which 3 coating layers apply. They present a more regular finish than the industrial Coated. They can be bright and semi-precious

Coated High Brightness: Papers to which a high layer of coating, which dries by contact with a large cylinder extremely bright, which gives them this same property.

Carbonless

They are those in which, instead of pigments and binders, micro capsules are applied, containing dyes inside, which will give paper the ownership of power coloring other papers that come into contact with the micro capsules.

Thermal

Papers coated with heat-sensitive pigments, which give them the they can be printed in contact with a source of heat.

Paper types depending on raw materials

Virgin Fibers

It is obtained directly from the wood, treating it with chemical processes.

Recovered Fibers

Obtained from papers that were previously used for some other use.

Other vegetable fibers

These are papers in which other types of non-wood fibers are used, such as flax, cotton or hemp.

Synthetic papers

They are those "papers" made from synthetic fibers or industrial chemical treatment. Its use can be justified, when it is intended technical features that cannot be classic.

Manufacture of paper

Paper is made up of millions of lint, which come from plants, which we call FIBERS. Currently, most papers are made from the trunk of trees cultivated.

Brazil produces pulp and paper exclusively from forests planted with eucalyptus and pin us.

In 1840, a German named Keller had the idea of ​​grinding the wood in a mill to extract the fiber. This produced the first pulp of wood. The has made great strides since then, especially in recent years. The five main phases of paper making, however, remain unchanged:

Manufacture of paper

Chip Cutting

Eucalyptus, at age 7, is ready to be cut. After cutting, the logs are peeled and chopped into chips. The bark is recovered and used, such as fuels, to produce steam and electricity

Pulp Manufacturing

The wood is made mainly of cellulosic fibres adhered to each other with a "glue" called lignin. To convert wood to pulp, lignin needs to be removed. The most common processes are:

• Mechanical process: The pulp is obtained by milling the trunks with water and steam. This type of pulp is used to, for example, produce newsprint.

• Chemical Process: Usually called the "KRAFT" process, which in German it means "STRONG". In this process, the chips are mixed with and high-pressure cookers in huge pressure vessels called digesters. The combined action of chemicals and heat dissolves the lignin and separates it from the fiber. Papers made of chemical pulp are very strong. They are used, for example, to make bags of stores and supermarkets.

Bleaching
For the manufacture of certain types of paper, the pulp must be bleached. For this, chemicals that dissolve or eliminate lignin (natural of fibers). The resulting pulp is not only whiter, but also has a tendency to yellow over time.

Sheet formation

When the pulp reaches the inbox of the paper machine, its water ratio is 97%. The mixture is poured in the form of a fine, uniform jet a movable screen called the forming screen. The filtering action of this forming screen, combined with a vacuum system, extracts most of the water contained in the forming a sheet of paper. The sheet is pressed between rollers to remove more water and then passes through the drying section where it comes in contact with cylinders are usually heated with steam, extracting most of the remaining water by evaporation. At the end of the machine, the paper is rolled in rollers, which are rewound and segmented into smaller rollers, following to the conversion or finishing section.

Finishing

It is the step of cutting, packaging and packaging the paper. The bobbins are cut on A4 sheets, etc. depending on the use that will be made of the paper.

Paper and paper reuse and recycling

PAPER AND PAPER REUSE AND RECYCLING

Instituto Centro Cape is a non-governmental organization created in 1994,Which works for the development, mainly the craft industry, the artisan and micro and small enterprises. Among the various concerns of the Cape Center is the question of the environment.

We know that if we do not worry about our surroundings, our children and grandchildren they will have much more difficult than we do in their daily lives.

As we also work with the artisanal segment, we know that many of the existing waste may well be used to create new products.

Paper and paper reuse and recycling 

https://www.occwastepaper.com/

Being environmentally correct is even a way of adding value to your product Last. Consumers today are aware of the waste issue: if they are discarded in any way, or if they are reused. These booklets, now launched, are only guides to the knowledge of all, but that serve as inspiration for other developments and that simple things in our day to day life can be accomplished without any greater effort.

Thanks once again to the Fiemg system for having made the launch of these 12 manuals, which will be of great value to those who generate waste, or which are users of waste from third parties.

In nature there are no prizes, no punishments at all.

There are consequences. "James Whistler - North American painter and author

Man has always sought to register his history. The first records were drawings and signs, on stones and caves.

Through them, we were able to know the culture and the habits of prehistoric man.

In India, they used palm leaves; the Eskimos used whale bones and seal teeth. In China, books were made with turtle shells and shells and later in bamboo and silk. At most famous raw materials and paper was the papyrus and parchment. The papyrus was developed by the people Egyptian, basking the reed with water until to obtain a tissue-like sheet. O parchment was much more resistant because it was animal skin, usually sheep, calf or goat, but had a very high cost.

The paper, as we know it today, originated in China. Peels were mixed of trees and cloths. After being wet, they were beaten to form a folder. This paste, deposited in sieves to drain the water, after drying, it became a sheet of paper. Even today, cotton and linen cloths are used by some manufacturing of tough papers such as paper money

OLD PAPER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND PAPERBOARD PACKAGING

The purer the paper can return to the paper industry, the more valuable it will be. That is, the more primary fibers can be replaced by secondary raw materials from old paper, the more beneficial it will be to the paper industry, since less water, energy and raw materials need to be used.

OLD PAPER - A VALUABLE RAW MATERIAL

To achieve a high degree of purity of paper, high reliability and productivity in the classification must be ensured.

This involves the separation of non-paper components such as

• Metals
• Cord
• Glass
• Textile
• Sand
• Plastics, etc.
• and the formation of defined paper types.

OLD PAPER - A VALUABLE RAW MATERIAL

THE PROCESS.

Classification can be done manually or automatically. By means of individual phases of the process, the collective paper mixture is classified into different fractions. The scraps of removed ink, paper, and mixed media are driven or dosed through the moving floor of each sorting unit. Through sieves, the classification is made in thick and thin; the most modern visual recognition systems classify the merchandise before manual product control occurs in the last step. In this way, an old paper of high quality is obtained.

THE BACK PROCESSING.

Each paper quality can be loaded loose or for better transportability in compressed bales. To optimize the working conditions for employees, the most modern and efficient systems of aspiration and dedusting are used. In addition, Sutco RecyclingTechnik offers paper milling systems. The paper to be perforated is so processed in our systems that we guarantee the privacy of our customers. The documents or papers are treated by means of multi-stage processing, so that different materials originate, which can be recycled by the paper industry.

How Does Recycling Industry Paper?

Recycling paper consists of the process of transforming the type used into new units for use. Industrial process of removal of printing ink, invention of the German jurist Justus Claproth.


Governments directly support companies that do the work of recycling paper and other types of waste. There are three categories that can be used as raw material: Sawmill industry, pre-consumer waste and post-consumer waste.

How Does Recycling Industry Paper?

Pre-consumption wastes: Material that left the paper mill, but was discarded before it was ready for consumer use;

Post-consumer waste: Discarded after-consumer material, such as old corrugated containers, old magazines, old newspapers, office paper, and old telephone directories.

Paper Recycling Processes

01-The process of recycling paper involves mixing used with water and chemicals.

02-Then the paper should be chopped, heated and divided into cellulose chains, a type of organic plant material. The resulting blend is called pulp, or pulp.

03-The screens provoke tension that remove any glue or plastic that may still be in the mix

04-Following the same screens are cleaned, bleached, mixed with water, removed to dry and ready!

05- The same fibers can be recycled around seven times!


Why Recycle Paper?

Manufactured paper has an effect on the environment, both upstream (where raw materials are procured and processed) and downstream (waste disposal impacts).

Nowadays, ninety percent of paper pulp is created from wood. Production is equivalent to about forty percent of the trees felled every year on a global scale to represent 1.2 percent of the world's total economic output.

Recycling one ton of newsprint saves about a ton of wood, while recycling a ton of print or waste paper can save two tons of wood.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded that recycling made it happen 35% less water pollution and 74% less air pollution responsible for making the paper virgin.

Pulp mills can be sources of air and water pollution, especially if they are producing the bleached type. Modern industries produce far less pollution than a few decades ago.

Recycling paper decreases the demand for virgin cellulose and therefore reduces the overall amount of air pollution and water associated with manufacturing. Recycled pulp can be bleached with the same chemicals used in pulp.

Sodium hydrogen peroxides are the most common bleaching agents. Recycled pulp, or paper made from it, is known as PCF (chlorine-free process) if there are no chlorine-containing compounds used in the recycling process. However, recycling plants may have polluting by-products, such as sludge, for example.


Books and Recycling
In the mid-nineteenth century there was an increased demand for books and writing material. Until that time, the papermakers used linen rags discarded for the paper, but the supply did not keep up with the increase in demand.

Internationally, about half of all recycled paper comes from conversion losses (pre-consumer recycling), such as scraps and unsold newspapers.

Get some statistics on paper consumption:

The average use of paper per capita around the world was 110 pounds (50 kg). Estimated that 95% of business information stores paper.

Recycling a short ton (0.91 t) of paper saves seventeen mature trees, seven thousand gallons of water, three cubic meters (2.3 m3) of landfill space, two barrels of oil and 4,100 kilowatt hours of electricity - enough to supply the average American home for six months.

There are 115 billion sheets of paper used annually for personal computers. Average web user prints 28 pages per day. Corrugated boxes have more than 25% recycled fiber around the world. Some spend 100% on the recycling process!


Recycling Paper in Europe
Paper recovery in Europe has a long history and gradually has become mature and respectable organization by large parts of the main countries of the continent. European manufacturers and converters work together to meet the demands of the European Commission and national governments.

In 2004 the paper recycling rate in Europe was 54.6% or 45.5 million short tons. The index reached 64.5% in 2007. It met the voluntary goal of 66% in 2010 according to official data, although some critics do not really believe.


Recycling in the United States
In 1690, the first paper factory to use recycled clothing was established, established by the Ritten house family;

1896: The first recycling center was started by the Benedetto family in New York, where they collected rags, newspapers and trash with a wheelbarrow;

1993: First year with more recycled paper than buried in landfills;

More than half of the paper used in the United States collected is recycled. The products are still major component of urban solid waste, accounting for 40% of landfill composition.

In 2006, a record 53.4% ​​of paper used in the US (or 53.5 million tonnes) was recovered for recycling. The paper industry has set a goal to recover 55 percent of all type used in the United States in the year 2012.


Recovery of paper-specific packaging for paper products used by the packaging industry accounted for about eighty percent of recycled packaging materials. Values ​​in excess of £ 24,000,000 recovered in 2005 were recovered.

In 1998, about 9,000 sidewalk programs and 12,000 recyclable points appeared in the USA. As of 1999, 480 materials recovery facilities had been established to process the materials collected.

In 2008 the global financial crisis caused the price of old newspapers to fall in the US from $ 130 to $ 40 per short ton.


Article Written by Renato Duarte Plantier

Recycling old corrugated cardboard

Post-use corrugated packaging material is commonly known as "cardboard", while it is typically referred to as OCC or Old Corrugated Corrugated Boxes / Containers for Industry Insiders. Often the use of leachers and waste The term OCC in reference to the carton. The corrugated cardboard can be easily recognized by its multilayer structure, the corrugated or corrugated intermediate layer between sheets of paper keeps the corrugated board light and gives it strength to carry products.

Cardboard is a very useful packaging material for the easy transport of many different types of products. If OCC is kept dry and clean, recycling is straightforward as long as all non-paper materials such as bubble wrap, wooden skids, plastic bags, plastic wrap and Styrofoam are removed

Recycling old corrugated cardboard

Production statistics and recycling of corrugated cardboard


According to the American Forest & Paper Association, more than 51 million tons of paper and The card was reclaimed for domestic use and export in 2015, translating into a record recycling rate of 66.8 percent. For OCC, the much more impressive rate is 92.9 percent in 2015, according to the Corrugated Packaging Alliance, also a record. On average, a corrugated carton contains approximately 50% recycled fiber. About 51 percent of the OCC is used to make new corrugated cardboard, it will be 11.5 percent is used for cardboard materials such as cereal boxes. Approximately 32% of recycled OCC is exported.



The size and type of business can have a strong impact on OCC generation. Studies suggest that this material can account for up to 40% or more of solid waste in a retail establishment and 15% or more of solid waste generated in an office environment. A small convenience store is estimated to produce between 700-1000 pounds of OCC per month, while supermarket grocery stores generate between 8-30 tons and department stores 8-20 tons over that period of time.



Benefits of OCC Recycling



There are a number of benefits to recycling OCC rather than discarding it. Recycling OCC reduces energy and water consumption, while cutting greenhouse gas production and certain air pollutants such as reduced total sulfur (TRS), volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants ( HAP). Recycled paperboard also reduces the demand for virgin wood. It takes about three tons of trees to make just one ton of virgin cardboard. Recycling also helps reduce waste disposal rates. Recycling one ton of cardboard saves more than nine cubic yards of landfill.



OCC Handling Methods


Before being placed in storage containers, however, corrugated boxes should be opened and flattened. In addition, harmful contaminants should be removed. This ensures better use of the space as well as the material is clean and ready for recycling. Make sure the container is accessible to the haulers for picking up.

To the burden or not to the burden is an important decision in OCC recycling. For small firms that generate a comparatively small amount of OCC by grouping OCC manually, storing loose OCC in an appropriate container and having collected by a carrier is ideal.

On the other hand, companies that generate a large amount of OCCs should use large storage containers and compact them or wear them using an industrial baler for the efficient transportation of OCC to recycling centers. One emerging technology is the use of grinding in combination with compaction or packaging to increase the density of material for transportation.


Old Corrugated Cardboard Recycling Process
Old Corrugated Cardboard Recycling Process, Recycling of corrugated containers is straightforward. It involves shifting old waste paperboard from the waste stream, eliminating contaminants, and flattening or compressing material to promote ease of handling, storage, delivery of inventory to a paper mill or processor where it is processed into different paper, such as recycled cardboard, central staff of corrugated boxes and unbleached craft cardboard.

Sell ​​OCC
Depending on the amount of OCC generated, the sales ratio will vary. Large generators can deal directly with paper companies, while mid-level generators can handle recycling companies and very small generators can sell to smaller operators who act to add material for sale. No matter how OCC is generated, it is important to recycle.

Theft Protection
In recent years, there have been increased reports of cardboard theft or OCC, and measures can be taken to reduce the risk of OCC theft.